Author: jess

Name………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Full Stops, Question Marks and Exclamation Marks

Full stops, question marks and exclamation marks all show when a sentence stops and another begins. They also tell you what kind of a sentence it is.

Full Stops mark the ends of ordinary sentences.
Example: Jane took her puppy for a walk .

Full stop

Question Marks mark the ends of questions.
Example: How old are you ?

Question mark

Exclamation Marks mark the ends of sentences which show strong feelings such as joy, surprise or fear. They can also be used to show when
someone is shouting.
Example: The children were overjoyed !

Exclamation mark

The sentences below and on the next page have been marked with X’s instead of full stops, question marks or exclamation marks. It is your job to copy them and replace the X’s with the correct punctuation marks.

1. Jenny went for a ride on the steam train X

2. “How many eggs would you like with your bacon X ”

3. Peter asked if he could play outside X

4. “Ouch X I’ve been stung by a bumble bee X ”

5. “When will we be having our dinner X ”

6. “It’s wonderful to see you again X ”

7. “Where are you hiding X ”

Commas and Additional Information

Commas are used to divide the different parts of a sentence and let you know that there’s a new part coming. Commas tell us to take short pauses when we are reading - not as long as for full stops. They are used to separate words in lists and also to separate additional information in sentences.
We are going to look at how we can use commas to separate additional information in sentences.
Example:
The old man, who had a grey beard, was sitting in his rocking chair.
The words enclosed in the commas could be left out without changing the meaning of the sentence. The additional information is always separated by commas.
Copy the sentences below and add the commas before and after the additional information.

1. Daisy the little brown dog chased after the ball.

2. Harry my little brother did not want to eat his pudding.

3. My last job just before I went to bed was to lock all the doors.

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Commas and Additional Information

Look at the table below. It contains everything you need to be able to write sentences with additional information. All you need to do is choose a sensible sentence starter, the additional information, a suitable end part and of course, remember the commas!
One has already been done for you.

Starter	Extra Information	End
Pat and Sue	who were as cute as could be	makes delicious cream cakes.
Mr Cropper	whose name is Trigger	went to the beach together.
The tiny puppies	who are best friends	snuggled down into their bed.
My lovely horse	which is fluffy and brown	is my favourite toy.
My teddy bear	the owner of the baker’s shop	trotted up the road.

1. Mr Cropper, the owner of the baker’s shop, makes delicious cream cakes.

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First Person, Second Person, Third Person

Verbs are doing words and being words. They tell you what a person or thing is doing. Every single sentence needs a verb. If it hasn’t got a verb, it isn’t a sentence.
Examples: Helen owns a racehorse.
Leo is the jockey.

verb

verb

The Person of a verb tells you Who
Things written from the point of view of “I” are in the first person.
Instructions written to someone are in the second person.
Stories about someone are in the third person.
Examples:

I am	first person	we are	First person (plural)
you are	second person	you are	second person (plural)
he is, she is, it is	third person	they are	third person (plural)

Task

On the next page there are ten sentences. It is your job to decide which “person” the verb in each sentence belongs to and copy it into the correct part of the chart. The first one has been done for you.

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First Person, Second Person, Third Person

Sentences
It is a good day to sunbathe.	They will soon be home.
She is not feeling well.	I haven’t slept a wink.
You are not going to the park.	He doesn’t like peas.
I am enjoying my ice cream.	It is a very tall tree.
We need to work as a team.	You are all invited to the party.

First person
Second Person
Third Person It is a good day to sunbathe.

Sentences - Subject and Verb

We already know that a sentence must have a verb.
The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that is doing the action.
The subject and the verb must always agree. This means that if the subject is singular then the verb must also be singular. If the subject is plural, then the verb must also be in its plural form.
Example: Thomas and Poppy are going to the dance.

The subject here is “Thomas and Poppy” which is plural.

You need the plural form of the verb.

The sentences below and on the next page have been written with the incorrect form of the verb. It is your job to rewrite the sentences using the correct form.

1. Daisy and Paddy was playing football.

2. There were a little mouse hiding under the table.

3. We am not allowed to run around in the house.

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Sentences - Subject and Verb

4. My favourite colours is green and yellow.

5. They is going to be late for school.

6. We was very happy when we won the trophy.

WARNING! Some sentences can be a bit more tricky.
Example: The brass band was playing some jolly tunes.

The subject here is “The brass band” which is singular

You need the singular form of the verb, which is was.

Sentences in which collective nouns are the subject need to have a singular verb unless the collective noun is plural.

Example: The brass bands were playing some jolly tunes.

The subject here is “The brass bands” which is plural

You need the plural form of the verb, which is were.

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Clauses

A clause is part of a sentence which contains its own verb. If a sentence has two verbs, then it will have two clauses.
Example: Thomas ate a big dinner when he came home.

This is a clause

This is a clause

This is the subject

This is the verb

This is the subject

This is the verb

Compound sentences
Compound sentences are made of two equally important clauses joined together by a conjunction (a joining word like ‘and’, ‘but’ or so). Each clause would make sense on its own as a complete sentence if it had a capital letter and a full stop.
Example:

Joe made chocolate buns.

Janet made shortbread.

These two sentences can be joined together with ‘and’ to make one compound sentence.

Joe made chocolate buns and Janet made shortbread.

The two clauses in this sentence are just as important as each other.

You can practise writing some compound sentences on the next page!

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Compound Sentences

At the top of the table there are six conjunctions. Underneath, there are some simple sentences. It is your job to use them to write six compound sentences. One has been done for you.

and	because	so	as	but	or
I like beans.			He is planning to become a vet.
Danny is a kind. boy.			I don’t like peas.
Bob loves animals.			He always shares his sweets with me.
Helen is a hairdresser.			He was very tired.
Paddy went to bed.			The class was very noisy.
The teacher was angry.			She owns her own shop.

1. I like beans but I don’t like peas.

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Complex Sentences

A complex sentence is made up of an important clause and some less important clauses. The most important clause is called the main clause.
Example: I’ll brush my teeth when I finish my sweets.

This is the main clause because it tells you about the main action of the sentence.

The Main Clause Makes Sense on its Own
The main clause is the one that has the main idea of the sentence. The other clauses are called dependent clauses - because they depend on the main clause to get their meaning.
Example:

John didn’t finish his homework because it was too difficult.

This is the main clause because it makes sense on its own.

This is a dependent clause. It doesn’t make sense on its own.

Dependent Clauses add Extra Information
Dependent clauses give some extra information, but they can’t make sense on their own. Another name for a dependent clause is a subordinate clause.

Example: Amanda danced until her feet were sore.

This tells you more about Amanda’s dancing.

You can practise recognising main and dependent clauses on the next page.

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Complex Sentences

Read the sentences below and write each clause in the correct boxes.
The first one has been done for you.

Sentences	Clauses
John and Sally went to play in the park after they had finished their ice creams.	Main: John and Sally went to play in the park.
	Dependent: after they had eaten their ice creams
You need to work hard at school if you want to pass your exams.	Main:
	Dependent:
The dog barked loudly when I arrived.	Main:
	Dependent:
I went shopping yesterday, even though it was raining.	Main:
	Dependent:
Peter, who was only four years old, could already read and write.	Main:
	Dependent:

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Prepositions

Prepositions say Where things Are
Prepositions are words and phrases like ‘under’, ‘in front of’, ‘between’ and ‘with’. They tell you the relation between nouns or pronouns.
Examples: Scott hid under the table.
Ben stepped into the bath.
Alex stood between John and Sue.

Prepositions are about Time as well as Place
Prepositions can tell you about when things are as well as where they are.
Examples: We watched TV after we finished our homework.
Jane read her book before she went to sleep.
I couldn’t go out to play until I had eaten my dinner.
There are many, many more prepositions. See if you can spot some in the sentences below. Underline the ones you find. One has already been done for you.

1. I went for a walk around the park.
2. The bird flew over my head.
3. I peeped through the keyhole.
4. There was a fairy on top of the Christmas Tree.
5. The horses trotted past the children.
6. It’s been a long time since I last saw you.
7. The supermarket is opposite the shoe shop.

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